Thursday, September 28, 2017

  
Mageuzi ya mifumo kandamizi kwa usawa wa kijinsia na Maendeleo Endelevu”
Tamasha la Jinsia la 14 linahitimishwa leo, Tarehe 8 Septemba 2017, baada ya siku nne za sherehe, tafakuri, mijadala na pongezi. Tamasha lilizinduliwa kwa hotuba ya kusisimua na yenye busara nyingi na Makamu wa Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, Mhe. Samia Suluhu Hassan. Pia, Makamu wa Rais alijumuika nasi katika kuwatambua, kuwasherehekea na kuwaenzi  wanawake walioonyesha ujasiri katika Harakati za Ukombozi wa Mwanamke Kimapinduzi, na Halmashauri za Wilaya za Kishapu na Kisarawe ambazo zimefanya vizuri katika kuingiza masuala ya kijinsia katika bajeti za halmashauri zao. Wanawake waliopata tuzo ni pamoja na Mhe. Makamu wa Rais mwenyewe, Mhe.   Mama Getrude Mongella, Spika Mstaafu wa Bunge la Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania Mama Anna Makinda, Profesa Daktari Mama Esther Mwaikambo, Mhe. Mama Anna Abdalla na Mhe.  Dada Esther Bulaya, Mbunge Bunda Mjini. Wengine ni  Wanachama wa TGNP  Mtandao  waliotoa mchango mkubwa  katika kujenga  Tapo  la Ukombozi  wa wanawake  kimapinduzi akiwemo  Dada  Profesa Marjorie Mbilinyi, Asseny Muro, Mary Rusimbi, Demere Kitunga, Subira Kibiga , Aggripina Mosha na   Zippora Shekilango
Tamasha la mwaka huu, limehudhuriwa na washiriki zaidi ya 1500 wakiwakilisha AZAKI mbalimbali, Vikundi vya kijamii, Serikali, Taasisi za Elimu ya Juu, Wadau wa Maendeleo, Taasisi za Vijana, vyama vya siasa, viongozi mbalimbali na watu binafsi kutoka mikoa yote ya Tanzania Bara na Visiwani.
Katika Tamasha, siku ya pili na ya tatu kumekuwa na warsha mbalimbali (nane) na mijadala ya kina juu ya haki ya kiuchumi kwa wanawake na rasilimali kuwanufaisha wanawake na wanaume walioko pembezoni. Pia tumejadili uwekezaji wa rasilimali ili kuendeleza usawa wa kijinsia, upatikanaji wa huduma za jamii, na ukatili wa kijinsia  na namna unavyoathiri ushiriki wa wanawake katika maendeleo. Kulikuwa na ushiriki mkubwa wa kimkakati wa vijana hususan wa kike ili kukuza mijadala kati ya rika moja na lingine.
Katika warsha na mijadala hiyo, washiriki waliibua masuala kadhaa na kutoa mapendekezo ya nini kifanyike ili kupata suluhisho la changamoto na vikwazo kwa wananchi.  Kwa Ujumla washiriki  waliona  kuwa pamoja na kutambua na kusherehekea mafanikio  ya ushiriki uliotukuka wa wanawake katika michakato mbalimbali ya kuleta usawa wa jinsia na Maendeleo, bado kuna changamoto  hususan za kimifumo ambazo  zinaminya  fursa za wanawake  kushiriki kikamilifu  katika Maendeleo. Mifumo ya Kiunchumi bado haijaweza kumkomboa  mwanamke hasa wale masikini na wa vijijini. Mifumo ya kisiasa nayo bado ina changamoto katika kutoa fursa sawa za ushiriki wa wanawake katika ngazi za maamuzi  katika nyanja zote. Zaidi mifumo ya kijamii  hususan ufikiaji wa huduma za kijamii bado inazidi kuwaongezea wanawake mzigo wa majukumu huku wakisukumwa  kwa kiasi kikubwa katika sekta isiyo rasmi.
Yafuatayo ni baadhi ya masuala yaliyoibuliwa:
  1. Utengwaji wa rasilimali bado ni changamoto hasa katika kukuza na kuendeleza usawa wa kijinsia na kuwawezesha wanawake. Kwa mfano, ni asilimia 20 tu ya wanawake Tanzania wanamiliki ardhi. Kumekuwa na ufinyu wa rasilimali zinazotengwa kwa ajili ya asasi za kiraia na vikundi vya kijamii hasa hasa rasilimali fedha, ujuzi, teknolojia na taarifa sahihi. Na hii imesababishwa na utegemezi kwa wafadhili kwa kiwango kikubwa. Kwa upande wa serikali, licha ya juhudi zinazofanyika, ikiwemo kutenga asilimia 10 ya fedha za serikali za mitaa kwa ajili ya wanawake na vijana, bado kuna changamoto ya taarifa sahihi juu ya nani ananufaika nazo na nini kifanyike kuboresha hali hiyo. Aidha, hakuna mfumo mzuri wenye uwazi na endelevu wa ufuatiliaji wa rasilimali na utoaji wa mrejesho.
  2. Mfumo wa kukusanya takwimu, kama vile za umiliki wa ardhi, una mapungufu mengi. Zoezi hili linatakiwa kufanyika kwa umakini zaidi ili kuonesha mgawanyo wa umiliki wa ardhi wa wanawake, ukatili wa kijinsia na mimba za utotoni – ili lisaidie katika kutatua changamoto.
  3. Uwekezaji katika sekta ya kilimo – wa pembejeo, maafisa ugani, masoko – uende sambamba na hali halisi ya uzalishaji ili kuboresha maisha ya wananchi na kuchangia ipasavyo katika Tanzania ya viwanda.
  4. Sera mbalimbali za kumwezesha mwanamke na kuinua usawa wa kijinsia haziendani na mazingira ya sasa. Kwa mfano, mitaala ya elimu iliyopo haiendani na sera ya kuelekeza Tanzania kwenye viwanda na uchumi wa kati. Sera zifanyiwe marejeo ili ziendane na muktadha wa sasa, na ziwe na mrengo wa kijinsia. Pia, ziendane na miongozo na mikakati mbalimbali ya kitaifa na kimataifa kama vile malengo ya maendeleo endelevu, Ajenda ya Afrika 2063, Mkataba wa Jinsia na Maendeleo wa SADC, mpango wa maendeleo wa miaka mitano na mpango wa taifa wa kutokomeza ukatili wa kijinsia.
  5. Bajeti kuu na bajeti za serikali za mitaa zizingatie mahitaji ya kijinsia kwa makundi yote. Bajeti iwe ya kutekelezeka, itolewe kwa wakati na kwa kiwango kilichopangwa. Vile vile, mchakato wa kuandaa bajeti uwe shirikishi na wa uwazi, bila kujali tofauti za kijiografia, rika, hali ya uchumi, jinsi, elimu na hali ya ulemavu. Washiriki wa Tamasha tumeazimia kuweka nguvu za pamoja katika kufanya uchambuzi na kufuatilia mchakato wa bajeti na kutoa mrejesho na mapendekezo ya kuboresha mipango na bajeti za serikali katika  ngazi ya Jamii  hadi taifa.
  6. Tanzania ya viwanda na kuelekea uchumi wa kati inahitaji nguvu kazi yenye afya bora na weledi. Hivyo basi, mikakati ya kupunguza vifo vya kina mama na watoto ni muhimu. Hivi sasa watoto 67 kati ya vizazi hai 1,000, na wanawake 556 kati ya 100,000 wanakufa kutokana na huduma duni za afya ya uzazi. Bajeti ya afya iongezwe kufikia asilimia 15 ya bajeti ya taifa, kama  Azimio la Abuja linavyotamka. Pia wananchi watambue wanajukumu  la kufuatilia na kutoa taarifa za vifo na kudai uwajibikaji kwa wahusika.
  7. Upatikanaji wa maji safi na salama bado ni changamoto kubwa, wanawake bado wanatembea kati ya saa tatu hadi tano kutafuta maji. Pia, ukosefu wa maji shuleni na katika vituo vya afya  na zahanati ni changamoto nzito sana. Hii husababisha wanawake wajawazito kubeba ndoo za maji wakati wa kwenda kujifungua, na watoto wa kike kukosa masomo ya siku 40 hadi 50 kwa mwaka wakati wa hedhi. Hivyo, wanafunzi hao hukosa haki yao ya msingi ya masomo na kufaulu vizuri.  Vile vile, maendeleo ya viwanda yatahitaji maji zaidi ili kuwezesha uzalishaji.  Haya yote yataongeza mahitaji ya maji kwa kiwango kikubwa, na hivyo kusababisha ushindani wa uhitaji wa maji kati ya binadamu, mifugo na viwanda, ambapo waathirika wakuu watakuwa ni wanawake.
  8. Mimba za utotoni zimeendelea kuwa changamoto na kikwazo kikubwa sana cha wasichana kupata haki yao ya elimu. Kwa mujibu wa Idara ya Maendeleo ya Vijana – Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu, Kazi, Ajira, Vijana na Watu wenye Ulemavu, mimba za utotoni nchini zimeongezeka kutoka asilimia 23 mwaka 2010 hadi kufikia asilimia 27 mwaka 2016/17, kutokana na ukosefu wa huduma ikiwemo  elimu ya afya ya uzazi kwa vijana wenye umri kuanzia miaka 15 hadi 19.
  9. Kuna mapungufu makubwa katika utunzanji wa kumbukumbu, hasa za wanawake wanaochangia katika maendeleo ya taifa, licha ya kwamba wanawake wanachangia maendeleo bega kwa bega na wanaume lakini kumbukumbu zao hazijaandikwa. Na ndio maana katika Tamasha hili, kufuatia utafiti wetu mdogo, TGNP ILITOA TUZO kwa baadhi ya wanawake hao kama sehemu ya kutambua michango yao, na sehemu ya mipango endelevu ya kurithisha ujuzi na maarifa kwa vizazi vipya pamoja na kujifunza kwa wanawake na wanaume waliobobea katika nyanja maalum.
Mikakati
  • Kushirikisha wadau mbalimbli zikiwemo AZAKI, wadau wa maendeleo, asasi za elimu ya juu na taasisi za serikali katika kutafuta na kufanya uchambuzi ili kupata taarifa na takwimu sahihi juu ya mimba na ndoa za utotoni, ukatili wa kijinsia  na umiliki wa ardhi kwa wanawake na watu wenye ulemavu.
  • Kuendelea kuimarisha mikakati ya kuweka kumbukumbu za wanawake waliotoa michango katika maendeleo kwenye nyanja mbalimbali na kuzisambaza taarifa za kumbukumbu hizo kwa ajili ya watu kujifunza na kuwaenzi wanawake hao. Pia, kupanua wigo wa kutoa mafunzo ya kimwongozo katika kuchukua na kuhifadhi kumbukumbu za wanawake kwa AZAKI, vijana na wadau wengine.
  • Kuweka mipango endelevu ya kurithisha ujuzi na maarifa kutoka kizazi/rika moja kwenda nyingine, hasa kutoka kwa wanawake waliobobea kwenye tasnia mbalimbali.
  • Zaidi ya 60% ya Watanzania wakiwa vijana, sera na mipango iingize masuala ya vijana ili waweze kushiriki kikamilifu katika maendeleo katika nyanja zote. Pia, rasilimali za kutosha zitengwe ili kuwezesha utekelezwaji wa mipango na mikakati ya vijana bila kujali itikadi, jinsi, dini, jiografia na hali ya kipato.
By Tumaini Msowoya, Mwananchi tmsowoya@mwananchi.co.tz
Dar es Salaam. Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu (NBS) imesema mkoa wa Katavi ndio unaoongoza kwa kuwa na idadi kubwa ya wasichana wanaopata mimba wakiwa na umri mdogo.
Akizungumza kwenye maadhimisho ya siku ya idadi ya watu duniani, Mkurugenzi wa NBS Albina Chuwa alisema takwimu zinaonyesha mkoa huo unaongoza kwa asilimia 36.8, Tabora 36.5 na Simiyu 32.1 huku Dar es Salaam ukiwa mwishoni kwa asilimia 12.
kwa mujibu wa takwimu kutoka Shirika la watu duniani (UNFPA), Tanzania ni miongoni mwa nchi tatu zinazoongoza kwa tatizo hilo barani Afrika.
Kutokana na hali hiyo, Waziri wa Afya, Maendeleo ya Jamii, Jinsia, Wazee na Watoto , Ummy Mwalimu aliitaja jamii kutoendeleza vitendo vya udhalilishaji kwa watoto wa kike, huku akidai kuwa lazima hatua za haraka za kukabiliana na tatizo hilo zifanywe.
Awali Mkurugenzi wa huduma za afya wa Shirika la Maria Stopes, Dk Joseph Komwihangiro alisema  ili kupambana na hali hiyo lazima wasichana wapewe elimu kuhusu masuala ya uzazi ili waweze kujilinda na ndoa za utotoni.
Takwimu zinaonyesha zaidi ya asilimia 10 ya wasichana walio na umri mdogo wameanza kutumia njia za uzazi wa mpango.
Mwisho.

ELIMU BURE






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Statement by Tanzania Education Network (Ten/Met) on violence against students in schools
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Member organizations of Tanzania Education Network (TEN/MET)[1] with deep concern condemn the recent violence against a student perpetrated to Sebastian Chingulu a form three student at Mbeya Secondary School, Mbeya region.
We at TEN/MET commend the Government through the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Reginal Administration and Local Government and Ministry of Home Affairs for taking immediate actions in addressing the situation; including legal actions against the school’s Head Teacher and the involved teachers-on-training for their brutal actions contrary to the rules guiding  administration of corporal punishment in schools.
This is just one incident which has been brought to public attention through various media. The question is, how many incidents as such occur in schools and pass without public knowledge?
While supporting the statements released by different stakeholders condemning the incident, TEN/MET would solely focus on systems of teacher education and student care and development which if strengthened, reduce such actions or incidents.
In fact, the issue brings up a lot of questions regarding teacher education system in Tanzania. The first concern is on the selection of students intending to study teaching. It is possible that the report on the character of the students selected to join teaching is not considered. For example, previously, teachers of the given school could propose a course that a student should take (self-form) considering many factors including student’s character. As a result, students with not teaching character end up joining teaching courses thus get involved such incidents as occurred in Mbeya.
Secondly, it is possible that the teaching curriculum emphasizes more on how to teach than student’s nurturing and development, teacher’s ethics as well as code of conduct that guide the relationship between teachers and students. Thirdly, it shows that there is a management problem at Mbeya Secondary School after failing to take measures in line with the laws and regulations guiding administration of corporal punishment which stipulates that a student can be canned not more than 4 strokes administered by the School Head or any other person delegated by the School Head.
Recommendations:
  1. Students selected to join teaching profession should be recommended by their former secondary schools (form four/six) after character assessment.
  2. The teaching curriculum used to teach  in Universities’ should be reviewed with  proper incorporation of key components pertaining students behavior nurturing, teachers ethics as well as code of conduct guiding the relationship between teachers and students.
  3. Student corporal punishment guideline should be distributed to all colleges offering teaching courses for the purpose of circulating among students.
  4. The government should set up a formal system of reporting incidents of violence against students.
  5. The teaching environment in schools should be friendly to both female and male students.
  6. Teachers’ union (CWT) at all levels should set up a regular routine of training teachers in order to build friendly relationship with students.
  7. Students should respect their teachers and incase of concerns, proper reporting should be done including informing parents/guardians, Head of School or School Board.
  8. Parents should make follow up on their children’s educational and discipline progress and also nurture  children’s discipline and respect towards their teachers.
Released by
Coordinator, TEN/MET

[1] Tanzania Education Network/Mtandao wa Elimu Tanzania (TEN/MET) is a national education network of 170 Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) working in the education sector in Tanzania.